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Abstract

- Active. The paper focuses on the emerging Photovoltaic–Energy Storage–Direct Current–Flexibility (PEDF) building microgrid concept and evaluates its architecture, control strategies, equipment requirements, and operational characteristics. It reviews the current state of technology and industry trends, identifies technical and interoperability challenges, and examines opportunities and considerations associated with broader deployment. Based on these findings, the white paper identifies considerations for future standardization in four areas: equipment interfaces, control and coordination strategies, simulation and modeling methodologies, and carbon accounting frameworks. The objective is to support greater interoperability, safety, consistency, and scalability in low-carbon building electrical systems while providing insights to standards developers, industry stakeholders, researchers, and policymakers engaged in the transition toward more sustainable and energy-efficient buildings.

Document information

  • Publication from IEEE
  • Published:
  • Document type: IS
  • Publisher IEEE
  • Distributor IEEE
  • Technical Committee /

Product Relations

  • Refers: [4] China Southern Power Grid. (2023). Zhuhai PEDF Building Demonstration Project Technical Report.
  • Refers: [8] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, The Bright Choice: Renovate with ENERGY STAR® LED Lighting. ENERGY STAR.3
  • Refers: [2] International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). *Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector— Buildings Sector Pathway.
  • Refers: [9] T. N. Aynur, “Variable refrigerant flow systems: A review,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1106-1112, Jul. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.01.024.
  • Refers: [3] IEEE Std 1547-2018, IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces.
  • Refers: [1] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2022). 2022 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction.
  • Refers: [5] ISO 14067:2018. Greenhouse gases--Carbon footprint of products--Requirements and guidelines for quantification.
  • Refers: [7] PVsyst 7.0 User Guide.
  • Refers: [6] HOMER Pro 4.1 Technical Documentation.